Testicular cancer

While it is not clear what causes testicular cancer in most cases, doctors know that it occurs when healthy cells in a testicle become altered. Sometimes, certain cells develop abnormally and continue dividing when new cells aren't needed. The accumulating cells eventually form a mass in the testicle.

Almost all testicular cancers begin in the germ cells—the cells in the testicles that produce immature sperm.

The two main types of testicular cancer are:

• Seminoma: Occurs in all ages and tends to be non-aggressive
• Nonseminoma: Occurs early in life and often spreads rapidly throughout the body

You should make an appointment with your urologist if you exhibit any of the following symptoms:

• A lump or swelling in either testicle
• A heavy sensation in the scrotum
• Unexplained pain or discomfort in the groin
• A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
• Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts
• Back pain

It is recommended that men perform proper self-examinations to detect any signs of testicular cancer. If a testicular abnormality is discovered, a doctor may perform an ultrasound or blood test to detect the presence of cancer.

Based on the type of testicular cancer, surgery may be necessary to remove the testicle. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when the cancer has spread beyond the testicle. Your cancer care treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer.